Journal of Applied Biosciences (J. Appl. Biosci.) [ISSN 1997 - 5902]
Volume 39: 2626 - 2634. Published March 9, 2011.
Genetic variations between camel breeds using microsatellites markers and RAPD techniques
Karima F. Mahrous, Hassan A. I. Ramadan, Sekena H. Abdel-Aziem, Mohamed Abd-El Mordy, and Dalia M. Hemdan
1 Department of Cell Biology, National Research Centre, Egypt
2 Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdul Aziz University, P. O. Box 80203-, Jeddah 21589, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
3 Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Egypt
E-mail: l_fathy@yahoo.com. ; nadanahl@yahoo.com Fax: +202-33370931, +202-3766187
ABSTRACT
Objective: The genetic polymorphism within and among camel breeds; Baladi, Somali, Sudani, Maghrabi and Mowallad was detected by three microsatellite loci (YWLL44, YWLL08 and YWLL59) and 12 random primers.
Methodology and results: A total of 70 blood samples were collected from camel breeds (without harming the animals). Fifteen blood samples were taken from each of the first four breeds and only 10 samples from the fifth one (Mowallad). Genomic DNA was extracted from whole blood of each sample. Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) and Microsatellites techniques were used for analysis of DNA. The results showed that, Sudani was the highest polymorphic breed for the microsatellite locus YWLL44, while Somali was the lowest one. In the 2nd locus YWLL08, Baladi was the highest polymorphic breed and Sudani was the lowest one. Regarding the locus YWLL59, Somali and Sudani showed maximum polymorphism, while Maghrabi and Mowallad showed minimal polymorphism. The RAPD- PCR primers used in this study were OPA02, OPA07, OPA08, OPA09, OPA10, OPA12, OPC03, OPC04, OPC05, OPC06, OPC08 and OPC20. They amplified a total of 288 bands, of which 190 (65.9 %) were polymorphic.
Conclusions and application of findings: The RAPD results showed genetic variation between and within camel breeds. The phylogenetic relationship between the five camel breeds showed two groups. The first group includes Baladi, Maghrabi and Mowallad, while the second group includes Somali and Sudani. The results showed also that Mowallad breed was very close to both Baladi and Maghrabi breeds and this confirm the origin of Mowallad breed as a hybrid between Baladi and Maghrabi breeds. In general, the low genetic distances between the five studied breeds can give an insight about their origin and evolution.
Key words: Microsatellite Markers, RAPD Markers, Camels, Genetic Diversity, Genotype
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