Journal of Applied Biosciences (J. Appl. Biosci.) [ISSN 1997 - 5902]
Volume 70: 5531 - 5543 Published October 31, 2013.
Effet du compost et de Trichoderma harzianum sur la suppression de la verticilliose de la tomate
Mouria Btissam, Ouazzani-Touhami Amina et Douira AllalLaboratoire de Botanique, de Biotechnologie et de Protection des Plantes, Faculté des Sciences, Université Ibn Tofaïl, B.P 133, Kénitra, Maroc.
Auteurs correspondants emails : mouriab@gmail.com . E-mail LBBPP : douiraallal@hotmail.com ; labobotanique@gmail.com ; Tél : +212615657330 ; +212671904142.
Original submitted in on 17th June 2013 Published online at www.m.elewa.org on 31st October 2013.
RESUME
Objectifs : L’utilisation des moyens de lutte biologique contre les agents phytopathogènes a connue un essor considérable durant les deux dernières décades. L’objectif du présent travail est d’étudier l’effet d’un compost de déchets urbains solides, de ses extraits aqueux et de diverses souches de trichoderma harzianum sur la suppression de la verticilliose de la tomate causée par verticillium dahliae.
Matériel et méthodes : Des plantules de tomates inoculées par des souches de t. Harzianum, traitées avec le compost ou encore avec l’extrait de compost sont inoculées avec l’isolat p3 de v. Dahliae.
Résultats : Nos résultats ont montré que l’amendement du sol avec le compost à un taux de 20% a assuré la meilleure suppression de la verticilliose avec 92,38% de réduction de l’indice de rabougrissement (ir) et 92,41% de réduction de l’indice d’altération foliaire (iaf). Suivi par la fertigation des plantes par les extraits de compost ou leur inoculation par la souche tcomp de t. Harzianum, isolée à partir du compost, qui ont induit des pourcentages similaires de réduction de l’ir et de l’iaf. Alors que les deux autres souches de t. Harzianum ont induit des pourcentages de réduction qui n’ont pas dépassé 81% et 75% pour l’ir et l’iaf, respectivement.La suppression de la verticilliose semble due à la stimulation de la croissance végétale des plantes et aussi à l’inhibition de la pénétration et de la migration du pathogène à travers les tissus vasculaires de la plante. En effet, le traitement des plantes avec le compost, l’extrait ou encore leur inoculation avec la souche tcomp a permis de confiner le pathogène au niveau des racines de 50 à 60% des plantes, alors que les autres traitements ont permis son ascension jusqu’à l’hypocotyle de 70% des plantes inoculées. Les plantes témoins inoculées par le pathogène l’ont hébergé jusqu’à l’épicotyle de 100% des plantes.
Conclusion et application de la recherche : le compost étudié constitue un bon amendement en tant que biopesticide contre la verticilliose de la tomate. Cette aptitude suppressive est liée, en partie, à sa population de t. Harzianum mais aussi à des facteurs chimiques.
Mots clés : compost, extrait, trichoderma harzianum, verticillium dahliae, verticilliose, tomate.
Abstract
Effect of compost and trichoderma harzianum on verticillium wilt of greenhouse tomato crop
Objectives: the use of biocontrol means against plant pathogens has grown considerably in two past decades. This work aim to study the effect of municipal solid waste compost, its aqueous extracts and different strains of trichoderma harzianum on the suppression of verticillium wilt of tomato caused by verticillium dahliae.
Material and methods: tomato seedlings inoculated with strains of t. Harzianum, treated with compost or even with compost extract were inoculated with v. Dahliae isolate p3.
The results: the results showed that soil amendment with compost at a rate of 20% provided the best control of verticillium wilt with a 92.38 % reduction of stunting indice (ir) and 92.41% reduction in the foliar damage indice (iaf). Followed by fertigation of plants with compost extracts or its inoculation with tcomp strain of t. Harzianum isolated from compost, which induced a similar percentage of reduction of ir and iaf. While the other two strains of t. Harzianum induced percentages of reduction which did not exceed 81% and 75% for ir and iaf, respectively.Verticillium wilt suppression is due to the stimulation of plant growth and also to inhibiting the penetration and migration of the pathogen through the vascular tissues of plants. Indeed, treatment of plants with compost or extract or even their inoculation with strain tcomp allowed to confine the pathogen at the root of 50% to 60% of plants, while the other treatments have allowed her ascent until the hypocotyl of 70% of inoculated plants. Control plants hosted the pathogen into the epicotyls of 100% of plants.
Conclusion and application of research: the compost used constitutes a good amendment as biopesticide against tomato verticillium wilt. This suppressive ability is related in part to its population of t. Harzianum but also to chemical factors.
Key words: compost, extract, trichoderma harzianum, verticillium dahliae, verticillum wilt, tomato.
Objectives: the use of biocontrol means against plant pathogens has grown considerably in two past decades. This work aim to study the effect of municipal solid waste compost, its aqueous extracts and different strains of trichoderma harzianum on the suppression of verticillium wilt of tomato caused by verticillium dahliae.
Material and methods: tomato seedlings inoculated with strains of t. Harzianum, treated with compost or even with compost extract were inoculated with v. Dahliae isolate p3.
The results: the results showed that soil amendment with compost at a rate of 20% provided the best control of verticillium wilt with a 92.38 % reduction of stunting indice (ir) and 92.41% reduction in the foliar damage indice (iaf). Followed by fertigation of plants with compost extracts or its inoculation with tcomp strain of t. Harzianum isolated from compost, which induced a similar percentage of reduction of ir and iaf. While the other two strains of t. Harzianum induced percentages of reduction which did not exceed 81% and 75% for ir and iaf, respectively.Verticillium wilt suppression is due to the stimulation of plant growth and also to inhibiting the penetration and migration of the pathogen through the vascular tissues of plants. Indeed, treatment of plants with compost or extract or even their inoculation with strain tcomp allowed to confine the pathogen at the root of 50% to 60% of plants, while the other treatments have allowed her ascent until the hypocotyl of 70% of inoculated plants. Control plants hosted the pathogen into the epicotyls of 100% of plants.
Conclusion and application of research: the compost used constitutes a good amendment as biopesticide against tomato verticillium wilt. This suppressive ability is related in part to its population of t. Harzianum but also to chemical factors.
Key words: compost, extract, trichoderma harzianum, verticillium dahliae, verticillum wilt, tomato.
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