Anopheles mosquitoes cause malaria in man. The aim of this study was to assess the impact of a rice field on the Anopheles fauna and on the transmission of malaria in a village located in a degraded forest at high altitude (820 m). The analysis took place from January to December 2006 in Tonga subdivision of Nde Division, Cameroon. Larva were collected by dipping technique while female Anopheles were captured on humans. A total of 7 species of Anopheles were identified in the two sites assessed. Anopheles gambiae and A. nili were the only aggressive anophelienne species for humans in Nde neighborhood. Their daily average aggressivity rate (m.a) is 6 bites/man/night (b/m/n) against 83.5 bites/man/night registered at Bandounga rice field for the species of A. gambiae, A. funestus, and A. wellcomei. At each site, the transmission of malaria was low and was spread throughout the whole year with a higher rate from December to March. The global yearly entomological rate is estimated at 16.5 infected bites /man in 10 months studies in the Nde neighborhood. The rate is 27 infected bites/man/year at Bandounga. A. gambiae accounted for more than80% of the transmission at the two sites and appears to be the main malaria vector in Tonga. A. nili, A. wellcomei and A. funestus play a secondary role in the transmission.The creation of a rice farm in Bandounga has led to a qualitative and quantitative increase in the Anopheles fauna in the area.

Key words: Rice field, culicid fauna, malaria transmission, Tonga