The chemical composition and evaluation of the storage temperature of extracted milk of the seeds of two species of Cucurbitaceae in Ivory Coast namely Cucumeropsis mannii and Citrullus lanatus have been performed for their enhancement. This study shows that milk extracted from seeds of Cucurbitaceae has a short shelf-life of 3 days at room temperature and of 6 days at positive cold. The chemical analysis through the methods of AOAC has revealed that the Cucumeropsis mannii seed milk contains 5.77% and 4% respectively in protein and fat, while for the Citrullus lanatus seed milk the values of these components are 5.62% and 5.17%. Comparisons using the method of ANOVA have shown no significant difference in the studied parameters except the ash and dry matter. Furthermore, the chemical analysis of extraction residues shows that they are not waste, but food products which can be used in food and feed. The chemical analysis of milk from both species under investigation subjected to lyophilization has revealed a higher average content in dry matter (98.15% and 98.27%, respectively for the lyophilized milks from Citrullus lanatus seeds and Cucumeropsis mannii ones). The plants Acacia nilotica( Nile or scented-pod acacia), Entada africana(Dorot),and Mimosa pigra L.(Bashful plant) are combined and used to treat diarrhea, typhoid fever and genitourinary tract infections by the people of Timonde, a village under Zebilla in the Bawku West District of the Upper East region of Ghana.
The objective of this research is to identify solvents with optimal ability among diethylether, chloroform and methanol solvents which can fractionate bioactive phytochemicals from ethanol extracts of Acacia nilotica, Entada africana and Mimosa pigra L. The project is geared towards identifying classes of phytochemicals present in ethanol extracts and other solvent fractions of the three plants, and testing of their anti-typhoid activity on Salmonella typhi in comparison to ciprofloxacin standard antibiotic. It is the aim of the research to combine ethanol extracts from the three plants and test for growth inhibitory activity on Salmonella typhi so as to provide a scientific back-up for the traditional medicinal use of plants in the treatment of typhoid fever.  Extraction process was carried out using 96% ethanol on the stem-bark of both Acacia nilotica and Entada africana, and the whole of Mimosa pigra L.  Fractionation process was conducted on the ethanol extracts obtained from the extraction process using diethyl ether, chloroform and methanol solvents in the trend of increasing polarity indices of solvents. Ethanol extracts and solvent fractions obtained from the extraction and fractionation processes were tested for the presence of phytochemicals, and for growth inhibitory activity on Salmonella typhi. Ciprofloxacin, a standard antibiotic was also tested on the bacterial isolate. Phytochemical analysis revealed the absence of cardiac glycosides in Mimosa pigra L. only, and the presence of alkaloids, amino acids, anthraquinones, flavanoids, general glycosides, saponins, steroids, tannins and terpenoids in all the three plants. The diethyl ether and methanol solvents were the optimal solvents for the fractionation process. Their fractions revealed the presence of 70 % and above of the tested classes of phytochemicals. Ethanol extracts and other solvent fractions from Acacia nilotica, Entada africana and Mimosa pigra L. demonstrated growth inhibitory effect on Salmonella typhi. Also, the combined ethanol extracts from the three plants demonstrated more growth inhibitory effect on the bacterial isolate than the singly tested ethanol extracts. These results supported the use of the three plants combine for the treatment of typhoid fever by the people of Timonde. The phytochemicals present in ethanol extracts and other solvent fractions of the three plants were responsible for the antibacterial activity demonstrated on Salmonella typhi. This is an indication that the plants employed in the research contained bioactive compounds or anti-typhoid agents which supported their ethno-medicinal use in combination to treat typhoid fever.The plants Acacia nilotica( Nile or scented-pod acacia), Entada africana(Dorot),and Mimosa pigra L.(Bashful plant) are combined and used to treat diarrhea, typhoid fever and genitourinary tract infections by the people of Timonde, a village under Zebilla in the Bawku West District of the Upper East region of Ghana.
The objective of this research is to identify solvents with optimal ability among diethylether, chloroform and methanol solvents which can fractionate bioactive phytochemicals from ethanol extracts of Acacia nilotica, Entada africana and Mimosa pigra L. The project is geared towards identifying classes of phytochemicals present in ethanol extracts and other solvent fractions of the three plants, and testing of their anti-typhoid activity on Salmonella typhi in comparison to ciprofloxacin standard antibiotic. It is the aim of the research to combine ethanol extracts from the three plants and test for growth inhibitory activity on Salmonella typhi so as to provide a scientific back-up for the traditional medicinal use of plants in the treatment of typhoid fever.  Extraction process was carried out using 96% ethanol on the stem-bark of both Acacia nilotica and Entada africana, and the whole of Mimosa pigra L.  Fractionation process was conducted on the ethanol extracts obtained from the extraction process using diethyl ether, chloroform and methanol solvents in the trend of increasing polarity indices of solvents. Ethanol extracts and solvent fractions obtained from the extraction and fractionation processes were tested for the presence of phytochemicals, and for growth inhibitory activity on Salmonella typhi. Ciprofloxacin, a standard antibiotic was also tested on the bacterial isolate. Phytochemical analysis revealed the absence of cardiac glycosides in Mimosa pigra L. only, and the presence of alkaloids, amino acids, anthraquinones, flavanoids, general glycosides, saponins, steroids, tannins and terpenoids in all the three plants. The diethyl ether and methanol solvents were the optimal solvents for the fractionation process. Their fractions revealed the presence of 70 % and above of the tested classes of phytochemicals. Ethanol extracts and other solvent fractions from Acacia nilotica, Entada africana and Mimosa pigra L. demonstrated growth inhibitory effect on Salmonella typhi. Also, the combined ethanol extracts from the three plants demonstrated more growth inhibitory effect on the bacterial isolate than the singly tested ethanol extracts. These results supported the use of the three plants combine for the treatment of typhoid fever by the people of Timonde. The phytochemicals present in ethanol extracts and other solvent fractions of the three plants were responsible for the antibacterial activity demonstrated on Salmonella typhi. This is an indication that the plants employed in the research contained bioactive compounds or anti-typhoid agents which supported their ethno-medicinal use in combination to treat typhoid fever.